Oilcloth is a durable and waterproof fabric traditionally made from natural fibers like cotton duck or linen, coated with boiled linseed oil. This combination gives the fabric its distinctive waterproof quality.
| Fiber Source | Originally cotton/linen, now also vinyl and PVC |
| Weaving Patterns | Based on the base material, often cotton duck or linen |
| Dominant Colors | Available in a variety of prints and solids |
| Texture Spectrum | Shiny, smooth surface, waterproof, doesn’t fray |
| Breathability Index | Low due to waterproof coatings |
| Strength & Longevity | Durable, especially in modern synthetic variants |
| Maintenance Needs | Easy to clean, wipeable, not machine-washable |
| Primary Applications | Tablecloths, outdoor gear, bags, totes, equipment covers |
| Ecological Impact | Traditional oilcloth (linseed oil-based) more eco-friendly |
| Major Exporters | Global production, no specific dominant regions |
| Comparable Fabrics | Waxed cotton, other waterproof textiles |
In modern times, oilcloth often refers to cotton-backed vinyl material, which retains the waterproof characteristics of traditional oilcloth but is made from different materials.
1. Historical Context and Evolution
Historically, oilcloth was used as an outer waterproof layer for luggage, carriages, and weatherproof clothing.
Its origin can be traced back to sail making, where the canvas material was treated to be waterproof and used by fishermen and sailors. With the advent of vinyl and similar plastics, these materials replaced canvas as the base for oilcloth, offering brighter colors and easier maintenance.
2. Fabrication Process
- Preparing the Base Fabric: Natural fiber fabrics like linen or cotton are used as the base. Designs are added before coating.
- Applying the Coating: Boiled linseed oil mixed with metal salts and pigments is applied to the base fabric on a tenter frame. The fabric is then cured, relying on air’s oxidation.
For homemade oilcloth, the process involves stretching the base fabric on a flat surface, applying designs if desired, and coating it with hot boiled linseed oil, which is then allowed to dry and cure over several days.
3. Applications and Uses
Oilcloth is versatile, used for tablecloths, place mats, lunch bags, equipment covers, bags, totes, tents, and drawer linings. It’s also used as flooring mats and for outdoor furniture cushion covers due to its waterproof nature.
Modern oilcloth tablecloths are usually made by coating a cotton fabric with clear PVC, providing waterproof and durable protection. They are popular for their ease of cleaning, durability, and availability in various designs and colors.
4. Advantages and Disadvantages
Pros
- Waterproof and stain-resistant
- Durable and easy to maintain
- Preserves base fabric designs
- Edges do not unravel or fray
Cons
- Exposure to vinyl can pose health risks
- Susceptible to fading under direct sunlight
- Not recyclable despite its longevity
5. Maintenance Tips
To clean modern oilcloth, warm water and mild detergent can be used. Avoiding prolonged exposure to direct sunlight can prevent fading. It’s best to store it rolled up to avoid wrinkles.
6. Oilcloth vs Vinyl
While both contain PVC, oilcloth is distinguished by its fabric backing and specific processing methods. Vinyl, on the other hand, is purely synthetic and does not require oil-based treatment to achieve waterproofing.
7. Conclusion
Oilcloth, with its rich history and practical uses, continues to be a popular choice for various applications, particularly in home décor and outdoor accessories. Its waterproof and durable nature, coupled with the variety of designs and colors available, make it a versatile and functional fabric choice.